Governing mechanism for elastic-fluid turbines.



PATENTED JAN. 30, 1906.

` F. SAMUELSON.

GUVERNING MBGHANISM FOR ELASTIG 'FLUID TUBBINES.

APPLICATION FILED MARES, 1905.

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Inventor.

Frederick Samuelson.

PATENTED JAN. 30, 1906.

F. SAMUELSON.

APPLIUATION FILED MAR.23, 1905.

No. 813..249c

GO'VERNNG MEGHANSM FOR ELASTIG FLUID T HU .2 s u 9.

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' 110.811,249. PATENTED 11111. so, 1905.

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GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR BLASTIG FLUID TURBINBS. APPLIQATION FILED Mums,1905.

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irri srEs l Eur i FREDERICK sAMUELsoN, or RUGBY, ENGLAND, AssieNoR roGENERAL ELECTRIC CMPANY.

A CORPORATION 0F NEW YORK.

@Uli/EMWIN@ -MECHNISMI lli-'0R ELASTlC-FLUID TURBINES.

VNO. 811,249.

Specification of Lettere Patent.

Patented Jam 30, 1906.

To allwhom, t may concern:

,Be it known that I, FREDERICK SAMUEL- soN, a subject of the King ofSwedenand Norway, residing at Rugby, England, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Governing Mechanism for Elastic- FluidTurbines, of which the following is a 4 specification.l

My invention relates to the overning of steam or-other elastic-fluid turines of the .typein which the steam is admitted to the turbine through anumberof nozzles.'v lIn machines of'thischaracter the regulation of thepower developed is effected by controlling the number of nozzles inoperation so as to vary the volume of steam admitted in accordance withthe load, and in order that this regulation may be accomplished witheconomy-that is, with the minimum of throttlingat the mainthrottlevalve-it has been customary to prdvide a valve for each of thenozzles. This arrangement, however, especially in llarge machines,involves the use of a large number -of valves, which take up a largeamount of valuable space and add considerably to the cost ofconstructionof the machine.. r

The objectof my invention is to simplify ,thel controlling mechanism byreducing the number of valves which itis necessary to employ withoutimpairing the efficiency of regulation.

' My invention consists in dividing up the admission-space in tosections of different volume or groups of nozzles containing differentnumbers of nozzles or nozzle-sections andin controlling each section orgroup of nozzles by a separate valve.

In carrying my invention intoeffect according to one modification asapplied to a steam-turbine having, for example, ten inletinlet-nozzlesinto four containing onenozzle,

'nozzles 'I divide these groups, the first group the second two, thethird three, ';and the.

fourth four nozzles, and I fit the inlet to each y of these groups ofnozzles with a valve, thereby employing only four valves in all. totalnumber ,of inlet-nozzles is ten, if it be valves are open at full loadthen each nozzle will admit `one-tenth `of the steam required, and byarrangin the valve-operating 1gearto close certain o the valves, leavingt e others open, the amount of steam admitted may belregulated to WithAs the one-tenth load. Thus, for exammitted, the first valve shuttingofi one inletnozzle and the fourth shutting off four. ifty per cent. ofthe steam might also be admitted. by closing the second and third valvesand opening the first and fourth. -By this method of grouping tennozzles under the control of four valves the same re ulation may beobtained asformerly Would ave required tenseparate valves. It will beobvious that by the addition of a fifth valve controlling a group offive nozzles regulation could be obtained to `within one-fifteenth .ofthe total steam admission.

It will.be` understood that in addition to the above I may control thesteam-supply by means vof a throttle-valve in the usual manner.

Instead of the above-described method of grouping the inlet-nozzles Imay employ vvarious other arrangements.` For example, if I employ fourvalves,I as before, I may rovide four sections containing, respective y,one, two, four, and eight nozzles, each controlled byone of the valves,and with this arrange-, ment regulation yto within a fifteenth of thetotal steam capacity of the nozzles may be obtained. By adding morevalves, each valve controllin a group of twice the number of inlet-nozzes contained'in'the last preceding group, finer regulation may beobtained with a comparatively small number of valves. Thus with sixvalves controlling taining one, two, four, eight, and sixteeninlet-nozzles, respectively, I can obtain regulation to Within onethirty-first of the total power su plied.

l Instea lof arranging the valves to control` each a different number ofinlet-nozzles the same result will be obtained if the valves control`single nozzles of different capacity.A

It will be obvious that although I have described above specificexamples of grouping the nozzles under the valves my invention is notlimited to these, as` numerousfothe'r arrangements might be adopted'without departin from the spirit of the invention. For examp e,a numberof groups of nozzles each having the same capacity in `combinationgroups conwith one or two groups having smaller capacities upon whichthe finer control and throttlmg is effected may be employed.

The operation of the valves may be effected either mechanically orelectrically, and the groups should be 'arranged so that as far aspossible the steam delivered to the 'turbine at each change of loadenters through adjacent nozzles, so that the fluid stream is keptpractically continuous, thereby diminishing the loss due to spilling atthe nozzle ends.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of oneembodiment of my invention. Fig. 2 is a chart showing the order ofopening the valves, and Fig. 3 is a de- Avelopment of a controller foroperating the valves electrically, and Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view ofanother embodiment of my invention.

According to the modification of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to3 I employ a set of ten nozzles of equal size arranged in four groups ofone, two, three, and four nozzles, respectively. In order to maintainthe continuity of the stream of elastic fluid passing through saidnozzles, the groups are arranged in the order two, four, one, three.Each group is sup lied with steam from an individual cham er 2, to whichit is admitted from a common steani-chest 3 by a single valve. Thismakes only four valves for the ten nozzles. They are designated as A B CD. Each valve can be separately operated by suitable devices. I haveillustrated an electro neumatic system of control in which the va vesare-actuated by vsteampressure, which is in-each case controlled by asmall auxiliary valve operated by an electromagnet 4f The severalmagnet-coils are connected by wires 5 with fingers 6, adjacent f to acontroller-drum 7, on which are groups of contact-segmentsv 8. Oneterminal of a generator 9 is connected with said segments, saidmagnet-coils being connected in multiple with the other terminalsthereof. The drum is operatively connected with the governor 10 vof theturbine, as by means of the levers 11, rods 12, rack 13, and pinion 14.The governor oscillates the drum to and fro, which brin s different rowsof segments in contact wit the iirgers and energizes difierentmagnet-coils to cause the valves to open and shut. -The drawings showthat when valve C is open one nozzle is in use, giving ten er,cent.zofthe total power. When valve A is open and C is shut, two nozzles areused, giving twenty-per-cent. power. The valves D and B, respectively,open three and four nozzles, increasing the power to thirty and fortyper cent., the other three valves being shut in each case. To obtainfifty-per-cent. power, five nozzles must be opened, so that thecontrollerdrum is arranged to open valves B and`C simultaneously,vForsi'xtyper-cent. power, A and B are opened; for seventy per cent., A,B, and C; for eightyper' cent., B C D; for ninety per cent., A B D, andfor the maximum power all the valves are opened. In every combinationbut one (that of A B D) thenozzles in use are adjacent, so that there isno division of the stream of elastic fluid.

If thereare fifteen nozzles arranged in four,

groups of o ne, two, four, and eight, respectively, the increase ofpower can be by oneiifteenth at a time, the order in which the fourvalves are opened and closed beingconsider- 'ably more complicated, buteasily effected by a roper controller-drum. l.

l Pin the embodiment of my invention illustrated in Fig-4 I have shown anozzle-section containing twelve nozzles divided up into four groups ofnozzles, two of which contain two nozzles each and the remainder Jfournozzles. The groups are controlled by separate valves -A B C D, and athrottle-valve E is arranged to control the fluid supplied through oneof the smaller groups. The nozzle-valves are operated under the controlof the governor-'operated controller 7 in a similar manner Ato thearrangement shown in Fig. 1. The.

actuating member 13 in this case, however, instead of being directlyconnected to thc valve-operated rod 12 is connected to a rod 16, whichat its opposite extremity is connected to the stem of the throttle-valveE. This lever is attached at an intermediate point to thegovernor-operated rod 12; which acts on the lever against the force ofan adjustable controlling-spring 17, by means of which the mechanism maybe adjustedy for operation at different speeds. If we assume that thenozzle-section illustrated passes the total amount of fluid supplied tothe turbine and that the machine is working under a lightloadcorresponding to, say, one-sixth full load, then the valve B will beopen. The controller-contacts may be arranged so that for half-load thevalves B and Cwill be open and for two-thirds load the valves A B willbe open, the whole of the valves being open for full load. With thecontrolling mechanism arranged as illustrated andthe controller-drumrequiring greater power to operate than does the throttle-valve it willbe seen that as the governor operates under achange in load conditionsthe throttle-valve E will first nor mechanism on the lever 16.I ample,if we assume that the machine is working under light load thethrottle-valve E and the valve B will be open, and if the load variesslightly the change in -load will be taken care of by thethrottle-valve. If now the load is increased to, say, half-load, thethrottle-valve will open to its then the controller will be moved so asto cause the valve C to open, any variation in 15, pivotally attached toone end of a lever.

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be moved and then the drum of the controller 7 by the action of thegover-I For ex-' full extent and y i group being controlled ratus shownis only `6o by Letters Patent cinese load being taken-care of by thethrottlevalve. Similarly, if the load diminishes the throttle-valvewill:first be operated to completely cut olf the supply of luid through thenozzles controlled by the valve B', an then the controller will beoperated so as to cause closure of a valve or valves, so as to meet thealtered load condition.

The operation of thethrottle-valve always precedes that of thecontroller, and when a given load condition is established 'correspondinto certain grouping of the nozzlevalves sight variations in load are metb movement of the throttle-valve. As this valve acts on the fluidsupplied through the nozzle-passage of smallest capacity, the regulationis accomplished with the minimum loss due to throttling.

.The arrangement oi overning mechanism for operating the contro ler andthrottle-valve forms no part of the present invention. It is similar inconstruction and operation to that described in Emmet and J lmnggrensapplication, Serial No. 156,142, `tiled May 8,19%.

It Will be understood that inthe embodiment ol' myinvention justdescribed the load- `steps mentioned are only illustrative of one methodof operation. In practice instead of the total supply of fluid beingassed through a single' nozzle-section it wou d probably be dividedbetween at least two sections. The nozzles of one of these sectionsmight be divided into groups of equal capacity, each by a valve, theother section being similar to that illustrated in that it has two ormore groups of nozzles of unequal capacity with the throttling-valveoperating on one of the groups of smaller capacity. With. this lchan eit will be obvious that a large number of' load-steps might be obtained.In general the number required is determined by the size of the machineand the special conditions under which it is required to operate.

It will therefore be seen that my invention' provides a simple andeffective means for increasin and diminishing the speed of anelastic-fluidi turbine by cre'ment's.l I thus tcnance, expense, lessendowns, and render th stand andhandle.

vIn accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I havedescribed the principle of operation of my invention, together withtheapparatus which I now consider to representthe best embodiment thereof;but

desire tohave it understood that the appaillustrative and that theinvention can be carried'out b other means.

What I claim as new, and esire to s ecu're reduce first cost and maintheliability of break-` e engine easier to under- In a governing mechanismfor an elasticiluid turbme, the combination of anumber of`discharge-passages having different"1 ca-I Huid comparatively smallin-" of the United States, is-

.pacities, individual valves for controlling the passage of fluidtherethrough and a means for eilecting different combinations ot thevalves to compensate for different loads on the turbines. Y

2.1In a governing mechanism for elasticluid turbines, the combination.of an admission-passage which is divided into sections having dissimilarcapacities, ind1v1dual and similarly-weighted valves for controlling thepassage of fluid through'said sections, and a means responsive to speedvariations for effecting different combinations ofthe valvestocompensate for diilerent loads on the turbines.

- 3. In a governing mechanismvfor elasticturbines, the combination of anadnussion-passage which is divided into sections aving dissimilarcarrying capacities, individual valves for controlling the passage offluid therethroug a regulator `which o ens and closes the valves in apredetermine order as it moves from the initial to the final position togradually increase the suplply of motive -fluid delivered to the wheel,an a device res onsive to load changes for moving the regu ator.'

4. In agoverning mechanism for an elasber of discharge-passages havingdiiiierent capacities, individual valves for controlling the passage ofHuid therethrough a means ior effecting different-combinations ofthevalves andmeans for regulating the supply ofv fluid through a passagehaving the smallest capacity. y i

5. In a governing mechanism for an elastic-fluid turbine, thecombination of 'a number of discharge-passageshaving dliierentcapacities individual valves for controlling the passage of'fluidtherethrough a means for effecting different combinations of the valvesand a tin-ottle-valve acting on the luid supplied to a passage havingthe smallest capacity.

6. In a governing mechanism for an elastic-fluid turbine the combinationof a number of discharge-passages having dilierent capacities,-individual valves for controlhng the passage of iiuid therethrough aregulator constructed and arranged so as to cause the opening andclosing of the valves in predetermined groups, each grou including avalve controlling a passage of tlie minimum capacity and a throttle forregulating the dis-- charge of fluid through said passage.

7.' In a governing mechanism for an elas-' tic-{luidturbine, thecombination of a number of discharge-passageshaving differentcapacities, separate valves Y passages, a regulator constructed andarrangedv to cause the, opening and closing of said valves inpredetermined groups, a throttlc-valve acting upon the fluid supplied toa passage of minimum capacity and speed-recontrolling said ytic-fluidturbine, the combination of a num- E CMD sponsive mechanism acting uponsaid regulator and throttle-valve- 8. In a governing mechanism forelasticfluid turbines, the combination of an admission-passage which isdivided into sections having dissimilar carrying capacities, individualvalves for controlling the passage of fluid therethrough, a regulatorconstructed and arranged to first open the valve of the passage havingthe least capacity', thenopen the 'valve ol the passage having the nextgreater capacity and close the first, and so on until each valve hasbeen in service, and finally to group valves in a manner to furtherincrease the supply of fluid to the turbine to the maximum, and aspeed-regulating device for moving the regulator.

9. In a governing mechanism for an elastic fluid turbine, thecombination with groups of nozzles of different carrying capacities, ofa separate'valve for each group,-v and means forropening and closingsaid valves in such order that the successive quantities of elasticfluid delivered shall increase by regular increments measured by thecapacity of the smallest nozzle.

10. In a governing mechanism for anelastic fluid turbine, thecombination With groups ol nozzles of different carrying capacities, 'ofa separate valve for each group, and means for opening andelosing saidvalves in such order that the successive quantities of elastic fluiddelivered shall increase by regular increments, measured by thereciprocal of the total number of nozzles, from zero up to the totalnozzle capacity.

11. In a governing mechanism for an elastic fluid turbine, vthecombination with groups of nozzles whose cross-sectional areas vary bymultiples of a given constant, of a separate valve for each group, andmeans for opening and closing said valves singly and in zles that areadjacent.

13. In a governing mechanism for an elasticfluid turbine, thecombinationwith groups of nozzles of different carrying capacities, of a separatevalve for each group, and means'for opening said valves both singly andin combinations of tWo or more, whereby the quantities of elastic fluiddelivered Will increase in the arithmetical progression of a unit equalto the capacity of the smallest group.

14. In a governing mechanism for an elastic-fluid turbine, thecombination with groups of nozzles of different carrying capacities of aseparate valve for each group,

means responsive to changes in the load on` the turbine, and operativeconnections Where-v by said means causes the opening and closing of saidvalves in order that said nozzles shall deliver quantities of elasticfluid successively increasing or decreasing by multiples of thereciprocal of the total number of nozzles.v Y

In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 11th day of March,1905.

FREDERICK SAMUELSON. Witnesses:A

ERNEST PARKER, ETHEL M. WEBB.

